However, the competent national authorities can carry out police checks at internal borders and in border areas, provided that such checks are not equivalent to border checks. Police checks and temporary border controlsĪny person, irrespective of their nationality, may cross the internal borders without being subjected to border checks. documents needed for travelling in Europe.the Schengen Information System (SIS) and.stronger judicial cooperation through a faster extradition system and the transfer of enforcement of criminal judgments,.cross-border police cooperation (including rights of cross-border surveillance and hot pursuit),.harmonisation of the conditions of entry and of the rules on short stay visas (up to 90 days),.crossing the EU external borders, including the types of visa needed,.The Schengen area relies on common rules covering in particular the following areas: The Schengen provisions abolish checks at EU's internal borders, while providing a single set of rules for controls at the external borders applicable to those who enter the Schengen area for a short period of time (up to 90 days). Additionally, also the non-EU States Iceland, Norway, Switzerland and Liechtenstein have joined the Schengen Area. On 1 January 2023 Croatia became the newest member state to join the Schengen area. However, Bulgaria and Romania are currently in the process of joining the Schengen Area and already applying the Schengen acquis to a large extent. Today, the Schengen Area encompasses most EU countries, except for Bulgaria, Cyprus, Ireland and Romania. Schengen underpins this freedom by enabling citizens to move around the Schengen Area without being subject to border checks. Free movement of persons enables every EU citizen to travel, work and live in an EU country without special formalities. The border-free Schengen Area guarantees free movement to more than 400 million EU citizens, along with non-EU nationals living in the EU or visiting the EU as tourists, exchange students or for business purposes (anyone legally present in the EU).
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